Slow sand filtration water treatment plants
Practical Action
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................4
DESIGN.....................................................................................................................5
AERATION .............................................................................................................6
PRE-FILTRATION....................................................................................................7
FILTRATION .........................................................................................................14
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE .............................................................................18
PRE-FILTER IN ASCENDING FLOW LAYERS ...........................................................19
SLOW SAND FILTERS ...........................................................................................21
SMALL-SCALE DRIP CHLORINATOR .....................................................................26
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE TRAINING .............................................................28
A TRAINERS’ GUIDE ................................................................................................28
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................35
3